Electronic and Digital Media Industry

Electronic and Digital Media Industry Introduction Various scientific disciplines contribute economically to the mass media evolution and growth. The mass media in turn influences the political environment as well as democracy in the modern world. The fierce competition in today economically advancing experiences forces the media to keep up its obligation of entertaining, informing and influencing people’s emotional needs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic and Digital Media Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most fancied topics being crime, disaster or dangers relayed in a manner that make people perceive the reality of the dangers more intensely and thus influencing authoritarianism and intolerance in the democratic world. (Zillmann, 2002) At present, the media plays a vital role on informing people on matters pertaining politics thus highly influencing the voters’ decisions. It assists in identification of the societal problems as well as offer service to people especially for them to deliberate on matters pertaining their welfare. (Vivian, 2009, 55) The issue of uncovering errors of the leaders makes the media to be the main watchdog for the society. The societal decisions rely heavily on the assumptions that the information provided by the media is positive and right. Today’s due to the freedom accorded by the law, the media is in a position of availing the surveillance reports regarding the social developmental projects. They are in a position to identify the pertinent issues pertaining governance, provide a platform for debates as well as steer them. They can also hold the officials to account on their practices through interviews or other data collection procedures. (McQuail, 2003) One main role involves provision of the incentives to educate the society. The media is in a position of resisting any external forces that may subvert their sovereignty over involvement in the political pr ocedures. It enhances democracy and â€Å"similarly, the low-power radio and television stations enables mass communication with narrow niches within the society† (Vivian, 2009, 51) Today the advancement to the chemical and electronic technologies is a revolutionary such as the reduction of human voice, text or images to a form of binary codes or light energy for transmission. Digitization has overcome the unnecessary paperwork but not replaced it. (Vivian, 2009, 39) The core media industries of books, magazines, newspapers, sound records, television and radio are still active beside the new technologies. Currently, the mass media utilizes the advanced technology of the internet for delivery of is products across the globe. According to Vilvian (2009, 40), digitization is a technology that involves breaking and coding of messages for high capacity and speedy transfers. The internet deliveries have also influenced the text and photographic production units such as the print me dia publishers.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They use the digitized deliveries and broadcasts provide inexpensive system in both running and maintaining transmitters. It also broadens the source of information for the media content. The democratization of the mass media in communication describes the environment as turbulent for change with prescience. Today the world has graduated from the mass media communication to web media communication. Much of the control features shifts to recipient who has access to the transmissions within the network and can determine the type of information received as well as the time. As opposed to the sequential message presentation of the network television newscast, they are in a position to switch instantly from dozens or hundreds of alternative sources through the net and theoretically connect to every recipient or sender wo rldwide. (Vivian, 2009) Most scholars agree that the development of the digital technology has emerged with major effects on the distribution of content as well as the style of distribution. This is probably due to the advancement of labialization concerning media markets, competition and the need for maximizing profits. The media select stories with the sole aim of profitability more willingly than relevance. Some of the characteristics brought about by the advancements of technology in the electronic and digital media entails tendency for convergence. Different media such as the newspapers, telephony, internet or television face technological and economical merges such as the digital television on the mobile telephony technology to reach the intended client efficiently. Secondly, do the mergers by media companies cause the concentration? There is a parallel concentration regarding ownership where by several media are under same ownership and links of ownership to other company gro ups. This makes the media houses to give news from similar sources. Another characteristic involves globalization where ownership of media companies is international and news covers cross borders without special focus. Today, commercialization is a huge factor such that many companies tend to blur the distinction between advertisements, news, and entertainment in a manner that audience without much spending face marginalization. (Murmann, 2003) There are high commercial influences by the advertisers and owners concerning edition and publishing of advertisements. Lastly, there is a major effect concerning trivialization. Today people are prone to more sexual and violent scenes mostly regarding private lives of the celebrities. As opposed to the earlier scenarios, the media is avoiding the contentious issues affecting the society and the serious debates. The debates have turned to be controversial issues to provide a crush on personality that seem entertaining or attractive to viewers .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic and Digital Media Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References McQuail D (2003) Media Accountability and Freedom of Publication. Oxford University Press Murmann JP (2003) Knowledge and Competitive Advantage: The Co evolution of Firms, Technology, and National Institutions. Cambridge University Press Vivian, J.C. (2009).The Media of Mass Communication (Ninth Edition) Pearson Education Inc Zillmann D (2002) Exemplification Theory of Media Influence. In: Bryant J, Zillmann D (Eds) Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research. 2nd edition. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, New Jersey

Nietzsches The Use And Abuse Of History

Nietzsches The Use And Abuse Of History Between 1873 and 1876 Nietzsche published four â€Å"Untimely Meditations.†Ã‚   The second of these is the essay often referred to as â€Å"The Use and Abuse of History for Life.† (1874)   A more accurate translation of the title, though, is â€Å"On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life.† The Meaning of History and Life The two key terms in the title, â€Å"history† and â€Å"life† are used in a very broad way.   By â€Å"history,† Nietzsche mainly means historical knowledge of previous cultures (e.g. Greece, Rome, the Renaissance), which includes knowledge of past philosophy, literature, art, music, and so on.   But he also has in mind scholarship in general, including a commitment to strict principles of scholarly or scientific methods, and also a general historical self-awareness which continually places one’s own time and culture in relation to others that have come before. The term â€Å"life† is not clearly defined anywhere in the essay.   In one place Nietzsche describes it as â€Å"a dark driving insatiably self-desiring power,† but that doesn’t tell us much.   What he seems to have in mind most of the time, when he speaks of â€Å"life,† is something like a deep, rich, creative engagement with the world one is living in.   Here, as in all his writings, the creation of an impressive culture is of prime importance to Nietzsche.   What Nietzsche Is Opposing In the early 19th century, Hegel (1770-1831) had constructed a philosophy of history which saw the history of civilization as both the expansion of human freedom and the development of greater self-consciousness regarding the nature and meaning of history.   Hegel’s own philosophy represents the highest stage yet achieved in humanity’s self-understanding.   After Hegel, it was generally accepted that a knowledge of the past is a good thing.   In fact, the nineteenth century prided itself on being more historically informed than any previous age.   Nietzsche, however, as he loves to do, calls this widespread belief into question.   He identifies 3 approaches to history: the monumental, the antiquarian, and the critical.   Each can be used in a good way, but each has its dangers. Monumental History Monumental history focuses on examples of human greatness, individuals who â€Å"magnify the concept of man†¦.giving it a more beautiful content.†Ã‚   Nietzsche doesn’t name names, but he presumably means people like Moses, Jesus, Pericles, Socrates, Caesar, Leonardo, Goethe, Beethoven, and Napoleon.   One thing that all great individuals have in common is a cavalier willingness to risk their life and material well-being.     Such individuals can inspire us to reach for greatness ourselves.   They are an antidote to world-weariness.   But monumental history carries certain dangers.   When we view these past figures as inspirational, we may distort history by overlooking the unique circumstances that gave rise to them.   It is quite likely that no such figure could arise again since those circumstances will never occur again.   Another danger lies in the way some people treat the great achievements of the past (e.g. Greek tragedy, Renaissance painting) as canonical.   They are viewed as providing a paradigm that contemporary art should not challenge or deviate from.   When used in this way, monumental history can block the path to new and original cultural achievements. Antiquarian History Antiquarian history refers to the scholarly immersion in some past period or past culture.   This is the approach to history especially typical of academics.   It can be valuable when it helps to enhance our sense of cultural identity.   E.g. When contemporary poets acquire a deep understanding of the poetic tradition to which they belong, this enriches their own work.   They experience â€Å"the contentment of a tree with its roots.† But this approach also has potential drawbacks.   Too much immersion in the past easily leads to an undiscriminating fascination with and reverence for anything that is old, regardless of whether it is genuinely admirable or interesting.   Antiquarian history easily degenerates into mere scholarliness, where the purpose of doing history has long been forgotten.   And the reverence for the past it encourages can inhibit originality.   The cultural products of the past are seen as so wonderful that we can simply rest content with them and not try to create anything new. Critical History Critical history is almost the opposite of antiquarian history.   Instead of revering the past, one rejects it as part of the process of creating something new.   E.g. Original artistic movements are often very critical of the styles they replace (the way Romantic poets rejected the artificial diction of 18th-century poets).   The danger here, though, is that we will be unfair to the past.   In particular, we will fail to see how those very elements in past cultures that we despise were necessary; that they were among the elements that gave birth to us.   The Problems Caused by Too Much Historical Knowledge In Nietzsche’s view, his culture (and he would probably say ours too) has become bloated with too much knowledge.   And this explosion of knowledge is not serving â€Å"life†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat is, it is not leading to a richer, more vibrant, contemporary culture.   On the contrary. Scholars obsess over methodology and sophisticated analysis.   In doing so, they lose sight of the real purpose of their work.   Always, what matters most isn’t whether their methodology is sound, but whether what they are doing serves to enrich contemporary life and culture. Very often, instead of trying to be creative and original, educated people simply immerse themselves in relatively dry scholarly activity.   The result is that instead of having a living culture, we have merely a knowledge of culture.   Instead of really experiencing things, we take up a detached, scholarly attitude to them.   One might think here, for instance, of the difference between being transported by a painting or a musical composition, and noticing how it reflects certain influences from previous artists or composers. Halfway through the essay, Nietzsche identifies five specific disadvantages of having too much historical knowledge.   The rest of the essay is mainly an elaboration on these points.   The five drawbacks are: It creates too much of a contrast between what’s going on people’s minds and the way they live.   E.g. philosophers who immerse themselves in Stoicism no longer live like Stoics; they just live like everyone else.   The philosophy is purely theoretical. Not something to be lived.It makes us think we are more just than previous ages.   We tend to look back on previous periods as inferior to us in various ways, especially, perhaps, in the area of morality.   Modern historians pride themselves on their objectivity.   But the best kind of history isn’t the kind that is scrupulously objective in a dry scholarly sense.   The best historians work like artists to bring a previous age to life.It disrupts the instincts and hinders mature development.   In supporting this idea, Nietzsche especially complains at the way modern scholars cram themselves too quickly with too much knowledge.   The result is that they lose profundity.   Extreme specialization, a nother feature of modern scholarship, leads them away from wisdom, which requires a broader view of things. It makes us think of ourselves as inferior imitators of our predecessorsIt leads to irony and to cynicism. In explaining points 4 and 5, Nietzsche embarks on a sustained critique of Hegelianism.   The essay concludes with him expressing a hope in â€Å"youth†, by which he seems to mean those who have not yet been deformed by too much education. In the Background – Richard Wagner Nietzsche does not mention in this essay his friend at the time, the composer Richard Wagner.   But in drawing the contrast between those who merely know about culture and those who are creatively engaged with culture, he almost certainly had Wagner in mind as an exemplar of the latter type.   Nietzsche was working as a professor at the time at the University of Basle in Switzerland.  Ã‚   Basle represented historical scholarship.   Whenever he could, he would take the train to Lucerne to visit Wagner, who at the time was composing his four-opera Ring Cycle.   Wagner’s house at Tribschen represented life.   For Wagner, the creative genius who was also a man of action, fully engaged in the world, and working hard to regenerate German culture through his operas, exemplified how one could use the past (Greek tragedy, Nordic legends, Romantic classical music) in a healthy way to create something new.

Population growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Population growth - Essay Example Geometric growth can be contrasted to arithmetic growth rate, which grows in a sequence, for instance 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, .... One of the principles behind geometric growth is that the bigger a number gets, the faster it grows, this is the case with population since the larger the population becomes, more people will be available for reproduction hence the greater growth (Berlatsky, 133). For instance, a population having 500,000 people will grow five times faster than a population which has just 100, 000. From this equation, if r is greater than zero and b is greater than one, then the population will grow at exponentially, however, if r is less than zero and b is greater than one or if r is greater than one and b is between one and zero, then the population will reduce exponentially. A geometric decay curve for population would look something like this Geometric continuous time model of population growth is more realistic when it comes to determining population growth since they involve all parameters of population such as birth rates and death rate (Turchin, p96) In order to calculate the population growth rate using the continuous growth model, the following formula can be derived. If a population has Nt individuals where t is time in years, the number of children being born in a year is a fraction represented by the symbol ï  ¢ and the number of people that die in a year is a fraction that is represented by the symbol ï  §. These geometric progression equations have been used for a long time to calculate population growth rates of countries or of the world at large, for instance, the following figure show a curve of world growth rate that was calculated from the available data and backward projections of population. Geometric progression has been use in population growth and without it, calculating

International Business Management Master Essay

International Business Management Master - Essay Example "Passenger revenue" is initially recorded as a liability for sales in advance of carriage, with revenue from ticket sales recognised at the time that the Company provides the transportation. In respect of unused ticket revenue recognised, estimations are needed based on historical trends regarding liability for tickets sold but not yet processed, the timing and amount of tickets used for travel on other airlines and the amount of tickets sold that will not be used. These are used to determine the timing and amount of unused ticket revenue recognised. Changes to these estimation methods could have a material effect on the presentation of the financial results. Periodic evaluations are performed of the estimated liability for tickets sold but not yet processed. Any adjustments, which can be significant, are included in results of operations for the periods in which the evaluations are completed. These adjustments relate primarily to differences between the statistical estimation of cer tain revenue transactions and the related sales price as well as refunds, exchanges, interline transactions and other items for which final settlement occurs in periods subsequent to the sale of the related tickets at amounts other The Company's "cargo" business is operated as a contribution centre. ... This allows the maximisation the use of its scheduled route network to provide a worldwide cargo service. The management group utilises trucks to feed cargo to its major hubs in Europe and the United States. "Revenue" is recognised when the transportation service is provided. Passenger ticket and cargo waybill sales, net of discounts, are recorded as current liabilities in the 'sales in advance of carriage' account until recognised as revenue. Unused tickets are recognised as revenue using estimates regarding the timing of recognition based on the terms and conditions of the ticket and historical trends. Other revenue is recognised at the time the service is provided. Commission costs are recognised at the same time as the revenue to which they relate and are charged to cost of sales. "Employee benefits", including pensions and other post-retirement benefits (principally post-retirement healthcare benefits) are presented in these financial statements in accordance with IAS 19 - 'Employee Benefits'. For the Group's defined benefit plans, post-retirement obligations are measured at discounted present value whilst plan assets are measured at fair value at the balance sheet date. The cost of current service costs are recognised in the income statement so as to recognise the cost of providing the benefit on a straight line basis over the service lives of the employees using the projected unit credit method. Past service costs are recognised when the benefit has been given. The financing cost and expected return on plan assets are recognised within financing costs in the periods in which they arise. The accumulated effect of changes in estimates, changes in

The Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

The Middle Ages Essay The Middle Ages are a period of European history from around 476 A.D. to 1453 A.D. when society and culture declined. The middle Ages is believed to be started from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and was ended by the start of the European Renaissance. There are several key factors that led to the end of The Middle Ages other than the start of the Renaissance. The Black Plague and The Crusades undeniably led to the end of the Middle Ages because of the decrease of population from The Black Plague and the increase of foreign goods and trade from The Crusades among many other reasons. The Bubonic Plague, Black Plague, and Black Death are names for a deadly disease that killed between 75 and 200 million people in Europe. This Disease started and was carried by flees in rats on trade ships. The fleas would be transferred onto the ships cargo, which would in turn contaminate all customers. The disease was easily contagious and basically if you were in contact with anyone who had this disease in their system, you would be dead very soon . As a result of being extremely contagious it was spread very quickly and killed many people. Even though millions died, there is a silver lining. Those who survived the plague were able to move up in the European feudalistic social circle. Peasants were able to gain more powerful positions and in turn make more money. This scenario occurred in many other peoples lives and helped end The Middle Ages. The Crusades were a series of wars taking place in Asia Minor between 1095 and 1291. Pope Urban II was the first person that expressed a need for The Crusades at the Council of Clermont where he said we should invade the holy land and persecute the inhabitants who have taken over the beloved land of Jesus Christ. This was incorrect because most of the inhabitants ancestors of Jerusalem had always been there and this was their homeland. The Crusaders did not seize Jerusalem for long which is why The Crusades are often called historys greatest failure. The crusaders brutally murdered Jews and Muslims living in this area who had done nothing wrong. Most  crusaders were French peasants or serfs who wanted to escape the feudalistic social circle. If you went on The Crusades you became rich and made money. Even though The Crusades were not successful in the sense they didnt seize their homeland, it was still successful because the crusaders brought back many new things. These products were brought back to Europe and people tried to make them there which helped fix the economy in Europe. For example, soap was never used in Europe until the crusaders brought it back from the holy land. This was one of the many important things that were brought back from the holy land, which drastically helped end The Middle Ages. The Middle Ages were a 977-year period where civilization declined instead of rising. The Black Plague and Crusades helped end the Middle Ages even if they were both devastating in their own way and killed a lot of people. It is up to opinion if these two events were beneficial overall because of some of the extremely destructive results that took place however, they definitely helped end The Middle Ages.

Folic Acid Essay -- essays research papers

The New Sensation. Before you sit down to munch on your breakfast cereal or bread, you might want to take notice of a vitamin that seems to be popping up more and more in ingredients. This is being Folic Acid. The FDA is recommending that it be added to foods and that people take it in pill form every day. This is mainly because it is a key component in the never-ending battle our body fights against diseases. What is it capable of? It is proven to lower chances of birth defects, and heart attacks. The FDA has been viewing the evidence of the chances of lowering birth defects and has ordered that enriched gain products increase their amounts of folic acid. This is because it is found that most women who are pregnant do not eat enough fruits and vegetables to have the same impact as Folic acid has. The effect it has is that it decreases the chance of neural birth defects. Neural birth defects can cause death shortly after birth. It is estimated that nearly 400,000 infants have this birth complications because of this, yet it has been proven that what folic acid can do can greatly reduce the risk. Not only can this acid reduce the birth defect rate; it can also lower the chance of heart attacks in men and woman. It is believed that there is an amino acid called homocystine in most people that sometimes may get too high, when this happens it causes scarred arteries and increases the risk of heart attacks. In this articles it states that less than 12-40% of A...

Mother’s love Essay

The relationship of a daughter and mother who is kindhearted and caring towards her daughter is one of the most valuable person a child has and should take for granted. In the short story by Anna Quindlen called â€Å"Mothers† is about a nineteen year old girl who her name was never mentioned in the story. The narrative has lost her mother and is trying to accept the reality that she is gone. The nineteen-year-old girl describes her life situation as if her mother was still alive, mentioning, â€Å"taking care of the wedding arrangements, or come and stay for a week after the children were born.† The young girl is conflicted over the thought of fantasies and reality, realizing that if her mother were still alive she would have strongly bonded with her and value every single moment. The short story begins with the nineteen-year-old girl, observing two women at a corner table in the restaurant. It was an older woman with her daughter spending quality time. The narrative d escribed her-self as â€Å"kind of vest pocket†, meaning she emotional feels empty and is stuck with no were to go. The narrative was wishing she had valued that moment with her mother when she had that opportunity. The girl seemed that she holds a regret inside of her because she did not have a good relationship with her mother.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mediation Is a Form of Negotiation

A Learning Team Charter is a necessary element in managing a successful team. An effective team that aims to accomplish manageable results needs goals, communication, and conflict management. What the team will go through is a process in management and here is where the team charter will show its value. Without a team charter, the team process will at the end of the day falter and fail. The major components of the charter needed to ensure team success includes team goals, system of communication, and most important, a system of settling differences or conflict management. To handle disputes a clause called the â€Å"alternative dispute resolution† (ADR). ADR includes processes and techniques that act as a means for disagreeing parties to come to an agreement. Despite historic resistance to ADR, it has gained widespread acceptance among both the general public and the legal profession in recent years. The most common form of ADR is arbitration. Other forms of ADR are negotiation, mediation, conciliation, mini-trial, fact-finding, and using a judicial referee (Cheesman, 2010). The most effective method that will suit the needs of our learning team is the mediation method. If an agreement cannot be reached during the mediation process, then the arbitration method will be utilized. Mediation is a form of negotiation in which a neutral third party assists the disputing parties in reaching a settlement of their dispute. The neutral third party is called a mediator (Cheesman, 2010). Within a team environment the mediator would be the team members not involved in the dispute. If an agreement cannot be reached during the mediation process, then the arbitration method will be used. In arbitration, the parties choose an impartial third party to hear and decide the dispute. This neutral party is called the arbitrator. The arbitrator in a team charter environment would be the professor of our class. The arbitration process will only be used as a last resort and the professor’s decision cannot be disputed. In most cases there are no disputes that occur in a team environment because all members want to work together to accomplish a common goal which in a classroom situation means getting the best team grade possible. In the rare event that a dispute arises, the ADR process is fast becoming the process of choice in settling disputes.

Online Restaurant Essays

Online Restaurant Essays Online Restaurant Essay Online Restaurant Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY HENNY PENNY is the first online fast food restaurant in the history of Pakistan. Our aim is to provide the quality food of your own choice at your door steps with the most convenient online ordering and payment system. OUR BUSINESS We take great pride and care to provide you with the best food and dining experience in the quick service online restaurant business. We believe eating sensibly, combined with appropriate exercise, is the best solution for a healthy lifestyle. Whether youre taking back lunch or bringing back dinner, HENNY PENNY has all your favorite chicken, salads, sandwiches, snacks, sweets and Beverages. HENNY PENNY also offers a variety of menu items for those who want lower fat, lower calorie choices etc. To help you further, weve provided nutritional information so you can make informed choices about what to eat. PURPOSE The purpose to start this business is to serve people of new era with a different and the most competitive style. The prime purpose is to generate profit by providing superb customer services. We aim to be leader in providing quality food items that fit into a balanced diet. Our aim is to provide the hygienic and delicious tastes that the customers have never tasted before. We want to add convenience in the lives of fast food lovers by providing them the most wonderful dining experiences at their doorsteps. THE MOST FREQUENT CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS: ? You cant get a table during busy periods of the day ? Food is cooked too far in advance of when I order it ? Food is not served hot enough ? Their food doesnt stay hot if you take it home ? Packaging for take-out food doesnt keep it warm ? Restaurant is too crowded during meal times ? They dont use high quality meat ? Takes too long to get your order ? People who come in after me get served before I do You have to wait too long when you go back to buy something else FEATURES OF ONLINE RESTAURANT ? Aiming to serve you in a way that is more convenient than ever. ? Our restaurant caters you 24/7 a week. ? This e-restaurant allows greater customer service relationship by providing enhanced service to their customers. ? Our e-service ensures hygienic, nutritious, healthy food with quick delivery. ? Customers can ca ncel or change the order by simply clicking without disturbing their busy schedules. ? Calorie guide and nutritional facts are displayed with each food item to help the customer to make the most appropriate choice. With the unique ordering system, clients can choose from a wide variety of food offerings available in menu. ? Clients make their food selections and designate the day and time the food should be delivered. ? Once the order is placed, HENNY PENNY remains in contact with the customer to ensure that food is prepared according to the clients instructions and then confirms the on-time delivery. VISION STATEMENT The companys goal is that of a multi-faceted success. Our first responsibility is to the financial well-being of the restaurant. We will meet this goal while trying to consider; the effect of our products on the health and well being of our customers (and our staff), ? the impact that our business practices and choices will have on the environment, and ? The high quali ty of attitude, fairness, understanding, and generosity between management, staff, customers, and vendors. Awareness of all these factors and the responsible actions that result will give our efforts a sense of purpose and meaning beyond our basic financial goals. MISSION STATEMENT Change the way, food is served† Tom Peter’s, the Management Guru states: Any business that does not change will be dead in five years†. 2008 will go down in history as the year of change, but still retailers who prefer the old days and are, alas, losing market share. Businesses don’t change for the sake of change, businesses generally change because the consumer either asks or forces them to change. It is not the industry that is forcing change; it is you as consumers. CORE VALUES AND PHILOSOPHY ? Customer satisfaction through offering high quality food with exceptional service and good value. ? Be topical, not typical. ? Constantly involve the team in the ideas loop. More emphas is placed on the caliber and training of frontline people ? We take great pride in serving each other, our customers and our communities. ? We seek continuous improvement in all that we do. ? Build trust relation ship with customers by promoting love and expertise. ? We value a sense of urgency and emphasize an innovative, entrepreneurial approach to business. ? We expect fairness and mutual respect in all our activities. ? We know our success depends upon the initiative we take individually and our ability to work as a team. GOALS ? We are committed to exceeding our customers expectations every time. We aim to be market leader by providing the superb customer experiences to all our customers and thus by gaining their loyalty. ? We will seize every opportunity to innovate and lead the industry on behalf of our customers. ? Our goal is to increase the profitability and reputation of business. PROPOSED BUSINESS LEGAL STATUS Although the legal status of business tends to play an import ant role in any setup, the proposed fast food business is assumed to operate on a sole proprietorship basis which may extend to partnership in case of addition of new products that might add significant Business to the existing setup. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Although the restaurant industry is very competitive, the lifestyle changes created by modern living continue to fuel its steady growth. More and more people have less time, resources, and ability to cook for themselves. Trends are very important and HENNY PENNY is tasking interest to provide lighter, healthier foods at moderate to low prices. THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY TODAY The food service business is one of the largest industries in the country. This number has been increasing for the past seven years. In the past five years the restaurant industry has out-performed the national GNP by 40%. The reasons given by the Folkney Report (November 1994) are 1) lifestyle changes, 2) economic climate, and 3) Increase of product variety. There are 600 new restaurants opening every month and over 200 more needed to keep pace with increasing demand. FUTURE TRENDS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES The predicated growth trend is very positive both in short and long-term projections. Folkney states that â€Å"as modern living creates more demands, people will be compelled to eat more meals away from home†. The DMR Industrial Report (April 1995) estimates this as high as 30% over the next five years. In 1988 The National Restaurant Association released the Foodservice Industry 2000 report that forecasted how the industry might look in the year 2000. Some highlights from the panels findings:  · Consumers will spend a greater proportion of their food dollar away from home.  · Independent operators and entrepreneurs will be the main source of new restaurant concepts.  · Nutritional concerns will be critical at all types of foodservice operations, and food flavors will be important.  · Environmental concerns will receive increased attention. OUR CUSTOMERS/TARGET MARKET All the youngsters, children and fast food lovers who want to get the most exclusive and the more innovative dinning experience WHO EATS FAST FOOD The food concept and product image of HENNY PENNY will attract 3 different customer profiles;  · THE STUDENT more and more young people have developed healthy eating habits. Some also go through a health food phase while in college.  · THE HEALTH CONSCIOUS PERSON OF ANY AGE OR SEX this includes anyone on a restricted or prescribed diet or those who have committed to a healthy diet.  · CURIOUS AND OPEN-MINDED if you try it, you will like it. Through marketing, publicity, and word-of-mouth, people will seek out a new experience and learn that nutritious food can be tasty, fun, convenient, and inexpensive. WHEN DO PEOPLE EAT FAST FOOD ? Lunch (44%) ? Morning snack (40%) ? Afternoon snack (31%) ? Dinner (19%) ? Evening snack (14%) ? Breakfast (12%) The average person (over the age of 12) eats at a fast-food restaurant an average of 9. 2 times monthly. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS HENNY PENNY is not without competitive pressures. Chief competitors include Yum! Brands, McDonalds, etc Yum! Brands are the worlds largest, with 33,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. Four of the companys highly recognizable brands, KFC, Pizza Hut, are global leaders of the Mexican, chicken, pizza, quick-service food categories. Yum! has a workforce of 272,000 employees and is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. McDonalds Corporation (McDonalds) is the worlds largest foodservice retailing chain with 31,000 fast-food restaurants in 119 countries. The company also operates restaurants under the brand names The Boston Market and Chipotle Mexican Grill. McDonalds operates largely in the US and the UK and is headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois employing 447,000 people. MAJOR COMPETITORS ? McDonald’s ? KFC SWOT ANALYSIS HENNY PENNY restaurant is well positioned to leverage its strengths and address reasonable threats, weaknesses, and opportunities. The table below highlights these Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths  · It’s the first online fast food restaurant in the history of Pakistan  · Menu reflects demand for fresh, healthy and fast food.  · Use of non-traditional channels.  · Partnering with the Pakistan food association  · Customizable menu offerings.  · Staff training is structured and designed to assure rapid start-up and success.  · Convenience is an important factor of fast food restaurant i Weaknesses Employee turnover is high.  · Lack of trust of general public about online order placing and then finally get their desired food item Opportunities  · Continue to Grow Business in the whole country  · Update website decor to encourage more dine-in business.  · Improve Customer Service Model.  · Continue to expand channel opportunities to include event wagons.  · Expand packaged dessert offerings.  · Continue to revise and refresh menu offerings.  · Develop more partnerships with movie producers and toy manufacturers to promote new movie releases through childrens menu packaging and cobranding opportunities. Threats  · Food contamination  · Competition.  · Economic downturn.  · Government policies  · Bird Flu  · People with the access of internet only can place online orders. COMPETITIVE STRATEGY There are three major ways in which we will create an advantage over our competitors: 1. Product identity, quality, and novelty 2. High employee motivation and good sales attitude 3. Innovative and aggressive service options NUTRITION CALCULATOR HENNY PENNY serves a wide range of quality foods that can easily fit into individual diet needs based on the principles of balance, variety and moderation. Our varied menu and range of serving sizes make it easy to fit our food into a balanced diet and to create a range of meal combinations that fall within recommended guidelines for calories, fat and other nutrients. Concerned about fat content? Need a special order? With our cooking system, customers can special order various menu items to help meet their nutrition needs. . Today, building on our Food Facts program, nutrition information is also included on our double-sided tray liners and on posters that are conveniently located near our front counters. Also, customers can get nutrition information online. Simply visit our Nutrition Calculator for nutrition and ingredient information and to customize menu items to your needs. HENNY PENNY is also helping you learn more about our food by adding nutrition information on some of our packaging. Some of our packaging now includes the HENNY PENNY Nutrition Chart Our goal is to provide you with the information you need to assist you in making sensible decisions about balance, variety and moderation in your diet. FOOD QUALITY ASSURANCE The bedrock of all our socially responsible supply efforts is our commitment to ensuring that all the foods and beverages we serve our ustomers are safe. We do business only with suppliers that share this commitment and work with them to continuously monitor, test, and track our ingredients. We have stringent standards and checks in place in critical areas throughout the food supply chain- from fork to farm. PURCHASING HIGH-QUALITY SAFE FOOD PRODUCTS Companies that supply food products to the HENNY PENNY must ha ve a number of food safety programs in place. They include, among others, programs for sanitation, pest control, and microbiological control, and a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) plan and program. HACCP is widely recognized, worldwide, as an effective method of preventing food-borne illnesses. ENSURING FOOD SAFETY AT THE RESTAURANT LEVEL Food safety training begins the first day an employee arrives for work, with an orientation to our standards. It is reinforced and expanded in the curricula and materials that prepare restaurant employees for more advanced positions. Shift managers must successfully complete an entire course in food safety before being certified as capable of managing a shift alone. Our Operations and Training manual for restaurant managers includes a whole chapter on food safety, with requirements and guidance that cover all the critical control points at the restaurant level- from supply and delivery through storage, preparation, and holding. Food safety procedures are monitored by staff operations consultants, who regularly visit our restaurants to advise managers on operations. The consultants also conduct periodic restaurant operations reviews, which include assessments of food safety procedures. Managers are expected to correct any irregularities identified. Onsite assessments are also used to identify needs for expert assistance and for further development of our training programs. They are an important factor in evaluating company-operated restaurant managers and in deciding whether owner/operators are qualified for additional restaurants and for continuation within the System. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF HENNY PENNY Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory is the big thing right now in operations. HENNY PENNY is another example of a JIT system wherein henny penny’s doesn’t begin to cook its orders until a customer has placed a specific order. Now, due to more sophisticated burger-making technology (including a record-breaking bun toaster), henny penny is able to make food fast enough to wait until its been ordered. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS FOR HENNY PENNY? The major benefits for HENNY PENNY are better food at a lower cost. HENNY PENNY has found something that allows them to improve quality and lower costs. Lets take a look at how it does both. 1. Improved Quality the benefits of a better tasting burger should be fairly apparent. Unless of course PACKAGING Packaging design is a fundamental part of our top quality customer service. Many of our enu offerings have unique packaging designs to provide insulation, help ensure food safety, and make them convenient for carryout. This gives us many ongoing opportunities to minimize the environmental impacts of our packaging and to provide industry leadership in natural resource conservation. you prefer aged burgers, the fresher burger is going to be higher quality if made fresh just f or you. The less obvious benefit is the higher quality customer service that arises from the JIT burger assembly. When HENNY PENNY waits for you to order the burger, they do a few things to improve customer service. First of all, when you place a special order, it doesnt send henny penny into a panic that causes huge delays. Now that HENNY PENNY is in the practice of waiting until you order a burger until they make it, they dont freak out when they have to make a special order fresh just for you. This higher quality customer service is subject to henny pennys ability to actually produce faster. Without this ability, henny pennys ordering costs would be sky-high because the costs associated with ordering would be the loss of customers tired of ordering fast food that really isnt fast. . Lower Costs The holding costs for burger parts are fairly high because of its spoilage costs. Frozen ground beef thats good today might not be so good in a few months. Once cooked, the same ground beefs spoilage rate shoots through the roof. Instead of having a shelf life of months or weeks, the burger needs to be sold within 15 minutes or so. The holding costs go from roughly 20% per week to 100% per hour. For HE NNY PENNY, the benefits of JIT are fairly clear Henny Penny’s suppliers play a pivotal role in our success, providing quality products at competitive prices. Together, suppliers and the Company create new products, help reduce costs and ensure our customers receive the same great taste of henny penny in every community across the country. In essence, we shop where our customers shop our shopping basket is just a bit bigger! Henny penny buys and serves the same wholesome foods our customers use at home, supplied by brand name companies which Pakistanis know and trust. RAW MATERIAL SURVEY RAW MATERIAL SURVEY The adequate material will be available to support our project from local market suppliers like KN, Dawn bread. Raw material used in our products belongs to the following categories ? Natural form ( chicken , vegetables, rice) ? Finished form ( oil, bread bun, butter cheese ,spices, beverages) PRODUCTS Chicken Piece Chicken Burger Chicken Sandwich Coke Chicken Cheese Egg Sandwich Sprite Burger Club Sandwich Fanta Products Fried Chicken Burgers Sandwiche s Salads Beverages Zinger Burger French Fries Product Raw material used Fried chicken Chicken, floor, oil, spices Burger Bun, chicken ,floor, oil, mayonnaise, salad, cheese Salads Fruits, Vegetables, chicken, pasta, macaronis Sandwiches Bread, chicken, egg, vegetables ,butter, mayonnaise French fries Potatoes, oil Production process flow Fried chicken Burger Rice Sandwiches French fries Raw material Raw material raw material Raw material Raw material Freezing Freezing Cutting Cutting Pealing Marinating Marinating Cooking Mixing Cutting Frying Frying Serving Filling Washing Serving Filling Serving Frying Serving Serving Operating Facilities and Equipment to run the business: 1. Kitchen Equipment ? Commercial Fryers ? Hot Food Storage ? Steam Equipment ? Commercial Ovens ? Wood Cabinet Carts ? Work Tables Tissue rolls ? Cutlery sets ? Freezers ? Generators ? Microwaves ? Waste bins 3. Cooking equipment ? Restaurant Toasters ? Sandwich Grills ? Sandwich Press 2. Kitchen apparels ? aprons ? bandannas ? caps hats ? chef coats ? chef hats ? face masks ? finger guard ? kitchen gloves 4. Stationary ? Register rolls ? Sales b ook ? Tape p roducts ORDERING SYSTEM It is now easier than ever before to order a fast fo od delivery from your local takeaway because you can do it over the internet. Using this website, you can HENNY PENNY fast food restaurants in your local area and see the entire menu online. Ordering is just a matter of clicking on what you want and entering your address. The order be sent to the fast food restaurant for delivery to you its as easy as that. Best of all its completely free! You dont have to be a member to use this website but if you sign up for a free account, it will make ordering food even easier in the future. You can store all your details so that you only have to enter them once. Signing up also lets you to see a past history of all your orders. You can even see your favorite meals and quickly reorder them. Ordering ou start by entering your postcode. Check out the list and select whichever type of food that you feel like. Instead of ordering by phone and going for your usual burger and chips, you get to see the full menu of this fast food place. Decide what you want and simply click on it to add it to your shopping list. Youll see this at the left of the screen and it shows you everything youve ordered along with the total price. we give you the ch ance to customize your order by selecting the type of sauce you want on your burger or whether you want salad on your kebab. In your shopping list, you might see a cross like this next to an item. This means that you can customize this item. Just click on it to see all the choices you have. When youre sure youve chosen everything you want, just click on Place Order. After letting us know the delivery address of your order and choosing whether you want to pay by cash or card, just sit back, relax and wait for your food. What happens next? At any time, you can check on the status of your order by using the order tracking system on this website PAYMENT PROCEDURE ? On line payment through credit cards in cash at the time of delivery of order LOCATION To run the business we have selected the most favorite site of fast food lovers i. e. M. M ALAM Road DEPARTMENTS OF FAST FOOD RESTAURANT ? Finance department ? marketing department ? Operations department ? purchasing department ? customer services department Finance department: This department is responsible to arrange the cash inflows of the business. it also id entifies the sources from where the finances can obtain to run the business operations smoothly. Basic source of financing are: ? Banks. ? Credit Unions ? Family Network of connections With the loan provision proper accounts of cost and revenues are maintained round the year. Such as: Average Sale per Customer = Total Sales / Number of Customer transactions This can be done by the year, month, week or day. The important thing is sales members need a target to aim for and this is one of the most effective ways of doing this Sales per Full time Team Member = Total Sales / Number of full time equivalent team members. To allow you to benchmark with other businesses you need to look at full time equivalent team members to get a comparable figure Labor Costs as a Percentage of Sales = All payroll expenses related to Sales x 100 Total Sales. This tells you the cost of doing business with your present team Return on Investment: there are two ways of doing this: Return on Total Assets (ROA %) = Earnings before Interest Tax (EBIT) x 100 Total Assets Return on Equity (ROE %) = Earnings after Tax (EAT) x 100 Owners Funds NOTE: An old saying If you cant measure it then you cant manage it. Marketing department: The marketing department focuses on designing colorful advertising and promotion materials. WE BELIEVE: Your team has the ideas that can help you be topical. Typical businesses tend not involve the team in marketing strategies. Topical businesses constantly involve the team in the ideas loop. Once a month take a couple of hours to work â€Å"on† your business with your team, provide some refreshments, and brainstorm ideas. Set a budget (which could be nil) prior to the session so the team have a parameter to work within. The subject could include how to develop unique displays, marketing campaigns or advertising to get more people through your front door MARKETING PLAN SALES STRATEGY MARKET PENETRATION Entry into the market should not be a problem. The store has high visibility with heavy foot traffic all day long. The local residents and students always support new restaurants and the tourists do not have fixed preferences. In addition, $10,000 has been budgeted for a pre-opening advertising and public relations campaign. Marketing Strategy Focusing on the unique aspect of the product theme (healthy, tasty foods) a mix of marketing vehicles will be created to convey our presence, our image, and our message. Currently advertisement is being done through: ? E-mails Bill boards ? Advertisement on different entertainment sites ? Print media Operations department: This department focuses on preparing food efficiently Purchasing department: Is responsible to manage the adequate number of supplies and chicken purchases at the right time and in the right quantity. Customer services department Are concerned to tackle and answer the complaints of customers in the most con genial way. Any inconvenience faced by customers is tried to resolve through ? FAQs ? E-mails If youre having any problems with this website then please dont hesitate to contact us. You can find all our details on our contact page. If you have any problems or disputes with any of the fast food order that we serve, please contact us and we will investigate. We are also interested in your comment and suggestions. This website is for you so if you can think of anything we can help with, just let us know. MANAGEMENT REQUIRED TO RUN THE BUSINESS 1. Fast food manager 2. HR manager 3. Quality assurance manager 4. Training development officer CALIBER OF HR ? Excellent customer service skills ? Ability to lead and motivate teams and influence people Designation/type no owner 1 itchen supervisor 2 shift supervisor 3 cook 4 take away order taker 1 dish washer 2 cleaner 1 guard(12hour) 1 Total 21 ? Good organizational skills ? Energy and stamina ? Decision making ability and problem solving skills ? Strong communication skills, tact and diplomacy LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT GOALS HENNY PENNY is an innovative concept that targets a new, growing market. We assume that the market w ill respond, and grow quickly in the next 5 years. Our goals are to create a reputation of quality, consistency and security (safety of food) that will make us the leader of a new style of dining. STRATEGIES Our marketing efforts will be concentrated on take-out and delivery, the areas of most promising growth. As the market changes, new products may be added to maintain sales. MILESTONES After the restaurant opens, we will keep a close eye on sales and profit. If we are on target at the end of year 1, we will look to expand it to other countries. RISK EVALUATION With any new venture, there is risk involved. The success of our project hinges on the strength and acceptance of a fairly new market. After year 1, we expect some copycat competition in the form of other independent units. Chain competition will be much later.

Function of the SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

Function of the SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many 4-year U.S. colleges and universities require SAT or ACT scores fromtheir prospective students. Admissions officers, particularly those selecting for academic ability, consider the SAT as a measurement of academic ability and potential. The SAT is meant to be a reasoning test that evaluates students' problem-solving and analytical skills, rather than their specific content knowledge. Note: this article is a series in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free students' and parents' SAT / ACT guide that provides encyclopedic knowledge. Read all the articles here! SAT scores are not the sole criterion for admission, nor are they the only measure of academic ability within a student's college application. Scores are considered in conjunction with high school grade point average (GPA), course selection, and other indicatorsof achievement. Many admissions officers emphasize that they take a holistic view of each applicant, considering the "whole person" as evidenced by his/her grades, extracurricular involvement, recommendations, and personal essay, among other demonstrated interests, accomplishments, and goals. While most colleges do not publicize specific SAT score minimums, many share data on the average scores of their accepted students. If this data shows a range of scores from the 25th to the 75th percentile, then the higher end of the range may be more representative of the school's SAT score expectations for the majority of regular applicants. The lower end of this kind of range may reflect the scores of special interest applicants who can gain admission with lower SAT scores, like students who are recruited for athletics. While many admissions officers claim they take a holistic approach, some will not review applications that do not contain a certain minimumSAT score. Conversely, high SAT scores are rarely a guarantee of admission, especially not at selective institutions like those in the Ivy League. Studentsthat entered Harvard's class of 2017, for example, had an average SAT score of 2237. Harvard's recruited athletes, on average, scored 173 points lower on the SAT than their non-recruited classmates. In addition to sharing data on average SAT scores of incoming students, most colleges share their policies on SAT scores. Some schools "superscore" the SAT, or take students' highest section scores across all testing dates and recombine them into a maximized composite score. Popular schools that have a policy of superscoring the SAT include Boston University, Columbia, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Princeton, and the University of Connecticut. Other colleges look at a student's highest sitting on one date he/she took the SAT. Schools that consider students' "highest sitting" include Arizona State University, Colorado State University, Oregon State University, and University of Wisconsin. By researching their prospective colleges' stance on SAT scores, students may adjust their preparation and test-taking plans accordingly. An increasing number of colleges have adopted test flexible and test optional policies. These may allow students to send SAT Subject tests or AP tests in lieu of the general SATor to choose whether or not to send their SAT scores. NYU, for example,allows students to send three SAT Subject Tests or three AP tests in lieu of the SAT, among other options. While students may be able to decide whether their scores are an accurate representation of their academic ability when applying to test optional schools, those who omit their scores may be at an empirical disadvantage when compared with theirpeers who chose to include their scores. HampshireCollege is the only school thus far that has adopted a "test blind" policy, stating, "We will not consider SAT/ACT scores regardless of the score. Even if it's a perfect score, it will not weigh into our assessment of an applicant." While colleges take varied approaches to their consideration of SAT scores, College Board states that the SAT is meant to give national perspective to local data from schools on students' achievement and ability. As a standardized test, College Board maintains that the SAT measures academic ability independent from differences among students' educational experiences by school district, including variationsin curricula, school funding, and course rigor. Critics of the SAT drawon data that shows a correlation between higher SAT scores and higher levels of family income and parental education. Rather than testing students "on a level playing field," SAT critics claim that the SAT contributes to existing patterns of social and educational inequality. The changes made to the redesigned SAT, which will be administered starting in March of 2016, may have been partially motivated to address these criticismsand to make the SAT more accessible to students across income levels. The elimination of high level vocabulary words in favor of medium-range, multiple meaning words, for instance, may be one change aimed to make the test more fair and to improve its validity and predictive power. College Board also recently began a collaboration with Khan Academy to offer free videos, lessons, and sample questions for students to prepare for the new SAT. In addition to addressing the concerns of critics, College Board may have been motivated to update the SAT in order to remain competitive with its counterpart, the ACT. Historically, the majority of American students who lived on the East and West coasts took the SAT while students in Midwestern states took the ACT. In 20, the number of students who took the ACT nationwide surpassed the number that took the SAT for the first time. The redesigned SAT will more closely resemble the ACT in several ways, particularly in the format of its vocabulary questions and its newly optional essay. Read more from the SAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading Which Colleges Superscore the SAT? Colleges Requiring All SAT Scores Sent: Complete List How Can You Build the Most Versatile College Application?

Project Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Management - Case Study Example The firm sold industry equipment through personal contacts and personal relationships of the top end staff. When the CRM system was decided to be licensed, there were huge arguments about its necessity since such a system would not be suited for selling industry equipment. However the decision was made by the high-ups and the license was bought. The implementation of this system was not as successful as was expected because there was no alignment between the business objectives and the technological objectives. The results the top-end of the management wanted to achieve could only be achieved up to 50% and the huge investment became a waste. If a more customized and industry usable system had been purchased like a Supply Chain System or an Enterprise Resource Plan, then the results would have been much better. (Jessup & Valacich, 2007) The project aimed at involving the industry clients to communicate through the CRM system with the organization telling them about the quantity they want to purchase, any customizations they require and the time of delivery etc. Orders from the clients came in bulk and were quite infrequent. Managing these orders had been easy in the past and it was being manually without any problems. Since no boom in the industry was expected, this project was also considered as not being able to utilize its full potential. The problem in this case was the poor judgment of the scenario at hand by the top management. They wanted to automate the ordering and delivery systems however the technological side of the CRM could do much more than automating these two functions. The Microsoft Dynamics CRM 3.0 was also able to maximize the marketing capabilities of the organization. In this case, marketing wasn't the objective and no one had ever thought about marketing the industry equipment into a brand name. The company had never put up nay ads and didn't even have a marketing department. (Microsoft, 2008) The CRM 3.0 also helps to improve the customer relationships with the clients. The company got business from personal contacts and generating goodwill and relationships wasn't really a problem. Therefore this objective from the technology side of the new system was also negated. (Microsoft, 2008) Lastly the CRM system empowered the users for the entire sales cycles. In some sense this was the only objective the organization wanted to achieve from the new system. However this module was also sparingly used by the organization due to infrequent orders. (Microsoft, 2008) The project should have been aligned with the objectives the organization was trying to achieve only then the IT team should have been involved to give ideas to suggest a solution for the problem at hand. In this case the IT department would most probably have suggested that the current business model of manual work was best until more business was acquired. The problem that we see here is not with the implementation of the project, rather with the thinking of the high-end managers. (Morgan, 2002) According to Livingston (2004), one of the drivers for mismanagement and misalignment of organizational goals to technological goals is the varying view of business executives on the role or affects that IT integration could have on their companies. In this case the executives were thinking that profound results would be